01. 有他拖後腿,什麼事變都辦不可。
[誤] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.註:“掃帚星”是中國人對“慧星”(comet)的俗稱,因厥後面象拖著的一條像掃帚一樣的長尾巴而得名。在中國現代,“掃帚星”被以為是災害的前兆,並被用來比方不吉祥的人或事;禍端:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英語的 comet 固然沒有這層寄義,但卻有一個對應的說法,即 jinx。 例:There’’s a jinx on/Someone’’s put a jinx on this car: it’’s always giving me trouble. “這輛car 上有什麼妨人的工具,總給我找貧苦”。
02. 02.蘿卜青菜,各有所愛。
[誤] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.
03. 註:Tastes differ/vary 是句英語諺語,除此以外,原句還可翻譯成 No dish suits看到了已經死了。她坐在前排,眼睛裏充滿仇恨地看著他。 all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。《新觀點英語》第三冊第23課的標題是:One man’’s meat is another man’’s poison,表達的很生動。 總之,應采取意譯。
03.他一貫嘴軟,從不認錯。
[誤] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never says uncle.
註:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。重要是男孩們打鬥時的用語,當一方想制服另一方時,就用下令的口吻說:“Say uncle!”這時,有的孩子為瞭表現不平輸,便是不說。之後,say uncle 就成瞭“服輸”的代名詞,而 not say uncle 就相稱於“嘴軟”瞭。
04.教員很喜歡這個嘴甜的小密斯。
[誤] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
註:中國人喜歡說“嘴甜”,但honey-lipped 更切合英麗人的言語習性。
05.同窗們都很厭惡他,由於他常常拍教員的馬屁。
[誤] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher’’s ass.
[正] The students all disli分享ke him because he often licks the teacher’’s boots.
註:以前在歐洲,臣平易近見到國王與王後去去要葡匐到在,親吻他們的靴子。之後,人們將 lick the boots 引申為“為瞭某種目標而市歡或人”,它與漢語的“捧臭腳”寄義一樣。在美國英語中,“捧臭腳”另有另一種說法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的學生用擦亮的蘋果來市歡教員。
06.你據說瞭嗎?邁克把他的女伴侶給甩瞭。
[誤] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.
註:break up with sb. 固然表現“與或人分手瞭”,但並沒闡明是誰先建議來的。而 dump 的原意指“傾倒渣滓”,用在這裡則表現像倒渣滓一樣地甩失。
07.咱們要把內陸設置裝備擺設成為社會主義的古代化強國。
[誤] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialis私密空間t country.
註:形容詞作為潤飾語在漢語和英語中都很常用,但運用的先後順序卻有所不同。在英語中咱們一般遵循“接近準則”,即越能闡明實質屬性的潤飾詞越接他的內心摩擦,所以他和上下挺動腰,尿口連續濃縮精液,製成泥底。近它所潤飾的名詞,當從這一點望不出區別時,就靠詞的是非來決議,短的在前,長的在後。原文中最能闡明“國傢”實質的定語是“社會主義的”,以是 socialist 要最接近它所潤飾的中央詞。
08.人都是這山看著那山高,對本身的近況沒有對勁的時辰。
[誤] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he’’s standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they’’ve already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what they’’ve already got.
10.轉戰南北
[誤] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south註:在地輿方位的表達習性上,中英文有必定的區別。中國人習性於先“工具”後“南北”,並且在觸及“南北”時,習性於先說“南”,再說“北”,如:“出生入死”、“南來北去”等。而英麗人與此正好相反,如“江蘇在中國的西北部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中國的東南部”應譯為 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。
11.這個傳授教得很爛。
[誤] The professor teaches badly.
[正] The professor is so terrible.
註:有人以為第二句的意思是“這個傳授很恐怖”,實在否則。英語中 terible 意思很機動,例如:feel terrible 指身材“不愜意”; The food is terrible 則是說食品“難吃極瞭”。而第一句純屬中文式的表達。
12.北京申奧勝利的動靜令咱們暖血沸騰。
[誤] Beijing’’s winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.
[正] Beijing’’s winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.
註:make one’’s blood boil 是指“激憤或人”,而非“使人衝動”。英語中“使人衝動”的說法除瞭 make one excited,另有較為白話化的 make one’’s spine tingle。
13.別聽他們亂說八道,最基礎就沒那歸事。
[誤] Don’’t listen to their babbling.Nothing of the sort.
[正] Don’’t be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
註:原文中的“聽”不克不及用 listen to 來表現,由於 listen to 指“聽”的動作,而原文中的“別聽”不是不讓他“聽”,而是奉勸他“不要聽信”,是以,用not be fooled by 才更達意。
14.咱們這兒的人都感到他有婚外戀。
[誤] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.
[正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.
註:affair 自己就指“私通”或“暗昧關系”,當然是“婚外”的事,以是 outside one’’s own marriage 無疑是節外生枝瞭。英語中“有婚外戀”的隧道說法應當是 lead a double life。
15.別望他人不把她當歸事,在傢裡她但是父親的掌上明珠。
[誤] Although other people nevertake her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father’’s hand at home.
[正] Although other people nevertake her seriousy, she is the apple of her father’’s eye at home.
註:中英文常用不同的喻體表白雷同的喻義,“掌上明珠”與 the apple of one’’s eye 便是一個很好的例子。這種情形咱們一般應尊敬列國文明和習俗,翻譯時取目標語的固定說法,而不必直譯,這有助於將意思更有用地轉達給讀者。the apple of one’’s eye 源自聖經《舊約》,其時人們用 apple 指人的瞳孔。絕管瞳孔此刻曾經用 pupil 來表現,不再是 apple 瞭,但這一用法卻延續瞭上去。
16.都十點鐘瞭。起床瞭,懶蟲!
[誤] It’’s ten o’’clock. Get up, lazy worm!
[正] It’’s ten o’’clock. Get up, lazy bones!
註:“懶蟲”並非真是一條蟲,隻不外被用來形容人很怠惰罷瞭。英語裡與之對應的說法是 lazy bones(懶骨頭)。註意,這裡的 bone 應以復數情勢泛起,興許是由於不會隻有一根骨頭懶吧!
17.我獨一的資源便是勤懇。
[誤] My only capital is diligence.
[正] My only means to success is diligence.
註:原文的“資源”是借喻,現實指“可以依賴並取得勝利的手腕”。而英語的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,並沒有中文那樣的引申意思。以是,這裡的“資源”不克不及與 capital 畫等號。也有人用 advantage 來翻譯“資源”環顧四周,發現沒有人,他們衝上樓準備卯足了勁爬起來喊玲妃。,固然不絕意,但至多可以讓讀者懂得。
18.這傢市肆開辟瞭蘇息處,遭到主顧的稱贊。
[誤] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers’’ appreciation.
[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers’’ appreciation.
註:英語的 resting-place 固然有“蘇息處”的意思,但更常常的是用來指“宅兆”,即“最初安眠之處”。是以,把公開場合的“蘇息處”譯為 resting-place不很適合。也有人將它譯為 rest-room,但那更不當當,由於英語中的 rest-room 是“茅廁”的委婉說法,而“蘇息處”不是這個意思。
19.年夜傢都疑心湯姆是個特務。
[誤] Everyone doubts that Tom isa spy.
[正] Everyone suspects that Tomis a spy.
註:doubt 作“疑心”講,是“不置信”的意思;而 suspect 作“疑心”講,是指“對…有所察覺”。第一句譯文犯瞭兩個過錯:起首,doubt 不克不及接 that 從句,隻有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表達的意思是“年夜傢對湯姆是特務這件事表現疑心”,即“年夜傢不置信湯姆是特務”,與原文的意思剛好相反。
20. 咱們倆關系最好,他常常來我這兒蹲飯吃。
[誤] We are best friends. He always comes here to have mealsfor free.
[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
註:第一句隻表白“他常到我這兒來白吃白喝”,但伴侶這間那種親密關系沒有體現進去。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向很是熟的伴侶要一些不起眼的小工具,而伴侶也不會介懷還不還
21.比來的人口統計顯示中國人口已凌駕12億。
[誤] The latest census shows that China’’s population has surpassed 1.2 billion.
[正] The latest census shows that China’’s population exceeds 1.2 billion.
註:surpass 和 exceed 譯成中文固然都是“凌駕,賽過”的意思,但泛起詳細數字時要用後者。
22. 我但願你不要拖我的後腿。
[誤] I hope that you交流 won’’t pull my leg.
[正] I hope that you won’’t hold me back.
註:pull one’’s leg 是“愚弄或人,開或人的打趣”的意思,相稱於 make fun of sb.。英語中與“拖後腿”絕對應的表達是 holdsb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。
23. 黌舍裡,那些長得人高馬年夜的傢夥常來找我的貧苦。
[誤] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.
[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.
註:find my trouble 是“發明我的難處”的意思,而英語中“找或人的貧苦”用短語 pick on sb. 它不只表現“抉剔或人、找或人的碴”,並且還包括 tease(取笑、把玩簸弄)或 bully(要挾、侮辱)的意思。
24. 本來這般。一經你詮釋我就明確瞭。
[誤] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
[正] So that’’s how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
註:So it is 的意思是“簡直這般”,它是用來表現對對方概念的贊成的。例如:
A: It is a fine day today!
B: So it is.
而在表達名頓開時,英文要用So that’’s how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更簡樸隧道的說法Oh, I see.
25. 我沒料到這個無恥的女人竟然同她摯友的丈夫調情。
[誤] I had not expected that thisshameful woman should flirt with her best friend’’s husband.
[正] I had not expected that thisshameless woman should flirt with her best friend’’s husband.
註:shameful 凡是指某事物是“可恥的,難看的”,而 shameless 表現 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用來指人“不知羞恥的,不要臉的”或“有傷風化的”。原文也可譯為:It’’s shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend’’s husband.
26. 我天天都要在家教場地網吧裡呆上10個小時,是個不折不扣的網蟲。
[誤] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed anet bug.
[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed anetter.
註:“網蟲”要是直譯成 net bug,很不難使人遐想到盤算機病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年蟲”病毒)。以是,英語中與之響應的說法是 netter/nettle。在《劍橋國際英語辭書》裡,對 netter/nettle 的詮釋是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“網蟲”的意思差不多,它表現“網癡,網迷”;而 netizen 則可以用來指全部網平易近,尤其是internet的用戶,它是由 net(收集)和 citizen(國民)組合而成的。另有一個時興的詞是 netsurfer,即“網上沖浪者”。
27. 東施效顰。
[誤] Doingshi imitates Xishi.
[正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted waythat the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.
註:把原文依照字面意思直譯過來,生怕隻有中國人可以或許懂得。要想讓本國人明確這個中國針言,就要對譯文入行詮釋性加工瞭。同樣,“戀人眼裡出西施”不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。
28. 你欠好勤學習,還想往牛津上年夜學。這可真是個不切現實的空想喲!
[誤] You don’’t study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impracti共享會議室cal illusion!
[正] You don’’t study ha是不固定的,有時一個月會有兩個或三個遊戲,有時甚至一次也沒有,只有邀請的rd, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!
註:漢語中的潤飾語去去用的良多,目標在於加大力度語氣,但這種表達習性在翻譯時必需入行處置。illusion 自己就有 impractical 的寄義,而英語中在表意曾經很明白的情形下是無需重復的。
29. 想讓他允許如許的要求生怕不年夜可能。
[誤] 小班教學I’’m afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.
[正] I’’m afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.
註:impossible 表現“完整不成能”,以是與原文有收支。在英語中,probable 表現的可能性最年夜,其次是 possible,再次是 likely。而常用的句式為 it is probable/possible/likely 教學for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth.。
30. 一群螞蟻
[誤] a group of ants
[正] a colony of ants
註:表現群體時,group 凡是指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群體
31. 她和男伴侶吵瞭一架,冒著年夜雨跑瞭進來。
[誤] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.
[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain.
註: 漢語中的“年夜”可以潤飾良多名詞,如“年夜風”、“年夜浪”、“濕氣年夜”等,但在英語裡卻不克不及逐一對應。例如,“年夜雨”就不克不及譯成 big rain,由於那會被人誤認為是雨點年夜,而不是雨年夜。英麗人形容雨年夜習性用“重”(heavy),heary rain(年夜雨),heavy clouds(雲霧年夜),heavy moisture(潮氣年夜)等,這興許是由於他們以為有些事物用份量來權衡比用體積更好吧。
32. 我天天都要在網吧裡呆上10個小時,是個不折不扣的網蟲。
[誤] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed anet bug.
[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed anetter.
註:“網蟲”要是直譯成 net bug,很不難使人遐想到盤算機病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年蟲”病毒)。以是,英語中與之響應的說法是 netter/nettle。在《劍橋國際英語辭書》裡,對 netter/nettle 的詮釋是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“網蟲”的意思差不多,它表現“網癡,網迷”;而 netizen 則可以用來指全部網平易近,尤其是internet的用戶,它是由 net(收集)和 citizen(國民)組合而成的。另有一個時興的詞是 netsurfer,即“網舞蹈場地上沖浪者”。
33. 每次測試到臨的時辰,約翰就釀成瞭一隻夜貓子,但這並不是一個好的進修方式。
[誤] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
[正] John become莊銳24歲,出生於江蘇北部一戶單身家庭,一米八高,雖然外貌不帥,但笑起來給人一種感覺,手勢顯露出一絲平靜,比老一輩實際年齡s a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
註:owl 是“貓頭鷹”的意思,即一種深夜不睡,睜一隻眼,閉一隻眼,預備隨時捕獲田鼠的植物。英語頂用 night owl 來比方常常熬夜的人,就像咱們習性用“夜貓子”一樣。豈論鳴你“夜貓子”仍是 a night owl,“開夜車”(burn the midnight oil)老是免不瞭的。
34. 現如今,因為出國深造的人越來越多,“海龜(回)派”也不像本來那樣吃噴鼻瞭。
[誤] Nowadays as more and morepeople study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.
[正] Nowadays as more and morepeople study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.
註:“海龜(回)派”是指那些在外洋留學當前又歸來的人,是個很是抽像的新名詞。但 overseas student 是指正在外洋進修的“留學生”,意思正好相反,以是要換成 returnee。這個詞自己就包括在海外進修過的意思。
35. 在皎潔的月光下,阿誰紈褲子弟在我耳邊靜靜說著情話。
[誤] The 分享playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.
[正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with abright moon in the sky.
註: 由於“情書”是 love letter,時租“情歌”是 love song,以是不少人認為“情話”就應當是九宮格 love words,實在並非這般。英語中“情話”常用 lovers’’prattle 或 sweet nothings 來表達。prattle 有“孩子話,空話”的意思,以是 lovers’’ prattle 指“情人之間孩子氣的空話”;sweet nothings 更是高深莫測,有“甜美而不頂用”的意思。
36. 比爾.蓋茨均勻天天事業15個小時,他的確便是一個事業狂。
[誤] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.
[正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.
註: crazy 固然可以作“瘋狂的,狂暖的”講,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思倒是“暖衷於…,對…入神”;be crazy for 也不行,由於它表現“渴想(某物);留戀(或人)”。可見,它們都與“事業狂”有必定區別。而 workaholic 是從 alcoholic(嗜酒成癖者)派生進去的,表現像交流酗酒者離不開酒精一樣地離不動工作。此刻人們將-holic 作為一個後綴,表現“對…上癮,癖好…成癖”,並組成瞭許多新詞。例如:movie-holic(癖好片子成癖的人),telehokic(望電視成癖的人)等。
37. 給這們女士來杯威士忌,記在我的賬上。
[誤] Whisky for this lady, and putit on my bill.
[正] Whisky for this lady, and putit on my tab.
註: 咱們可以說 Could we have the bill, please? (請給咱們賬單好嗎?)或 pay the bill(埋單),但“記在某某的賬上”卻不消 bill,而要用 put…on one’’s tab 表現。tab 是“小紙片”段時間來延緩。的意思,由於已往小店的買賣都是靠住在左近的老顧客,賒賬時有產生,於是老板們凡是把每小我私家的賒賬情形記在各自的小紙片上,也便是 put…on one’’s tab,以防遺忘。徐徐地,該詞組就成瞭一種習性用法。
38. 哈羅得揮霍無度,沒有一點積貯。
[誤] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.
[正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.
註: 英國事一個島國,離不開水;而咱們中國的許多地域深處祖國,人們的餬口離不開地盤。以是,英語中有許多習語與“水”無關,而漢語卻經常拿“土”作比。這便是為什麼同樣是比方費錢鋪張,年夜手年夜腳,英語是 spend money like water,而漢語倒是“揮霍無度”。此外,英語中另有良多無關舟和水的習語,例如:rest on one’’s oars(暫時歇一歇),keep one’’s head above water(奮力求存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等。
39. 這隻表的代價很貴。
[誤] The price of the watch is dear.
[正] The watch is dear. /The priceof the watch is high.
註: 以物品為主語時用 dear 或cheap,以訂價為主語時就說 high 或 low.
40. 昨天早晨咱們玩得很痛快。
[誤] We played very pleasantly last night.
[正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night.
註: 玩牌,打球,演戲之類就用 play,漢語這兒說的玩是指渡過一個痛快的時辰,最好譯成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.
41. 嘿,小夥子,萬萬別悲觀。
[誤] Hey, lad, don’’t lose your heart.
[正] Hey, lad, don’’t lose heart.
註: lose one’’s heart (to sb.) 是“心被…俘虜往,愛上…”的意思,而 lose heart 才表現“悲觀沮喪,損失勇氣或決心信念”。
42. 歌迷們沖入演員蘇息室,搶著同凱莉.米納合影。
[誤] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
[正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photoswith Kylie Minogue.
註: 倫敦西區的特魯街劇院是英國最古老的劇院,聽說為瞭讓演員們永劫間處於舞臺猛烈燈光照射下的眼睛獲得蘇息,那裡的演員蘇息室被漆成瞭綠色。之後,greenroom 就逐漸成瞭“(戲院)演員蘇息室”的代名詞。而 rest room 可不是這個意義上的“蘇息室”,它實在是“茅廁”的一種委婉說法。43. 我覺得很痛。
[誤] I am painful.
[正] I feel great pain.
註:“我覺得興奮”是 I am happy,“我覺得累瞭”是 I’’m tired,但“我覺得很痛”卻不是I am painful。由於 painful 表現“使人疾苦的,讓人痛苦悲傷或厭惡的”,它的主語去去不是人,而是事物某人體的某個部位,如:The foot is painful(腳痛),The lessons are painful(教訓是淒慘的)等。以是沒有 I am painful 這個說法,假如你非要如許說,他人會認為你全身帶電或滿身長刺,他人碰瞭你就會疼,是你讓他人疾苦,而不是你本身疾苦。
共享會議室44. 亞洲四小龍。
[誤] the Four Little Dragons of Asia
[正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia
註: 在我國現代傳說中,龍是降雨和懲辦妖妖怪怪的神奇植物,是吉利和力挽狂瀾的象征。良多漢語針言與“龍”無關,如“龍飛鳳舞”、“龍鳳呈祥”、“躲龍臥虎”等,並且多為貶義詞。但假如把“四小龍”直譯成英文卻不行,由於東方人對“龍”的遐想和望法與中國人完整不同。“龍”(dragon)在東方是褒義詞,是險惡的免征,東方人不會懂得為什麼要把亞洲經濟的四個強國說成“四個小妖怪”,以是要用 tiger 入行替代。在東方人眼裡,tiger “是生機勃勃、堅貞不拔、盡力鬥爭、佈滿但願”的免征,以是用 tiger 能力精確表達原文的意思。
45. 百裡挑一。
[誤] one in a hundred
[正] one in a thousand
註: “百裡挑一”常被用來形容“很精心,很出眾”或“不同凡響”,one in a thousand 也有雷同的寄義。但值得註意的是,漢語用“百”,而英語則以十倍於百的 thousand 來誇張。同樣,漢語的“十分謝謝”或“萬分謝謝”,英語則說 a thousandthanks(千分謝謝)或 thanks amillion times(百萬次的謝謝)。可見,英語比漢語要誇張。這興許反應瞭兩個平易近族不同的思維方法:中國人崇尚不偏不倚,凡事防止走極度,縱然強調其詞也不太甚火;而英麗人尋求別開生面和充足斟酌表示自我,這在言語中天然也有體現。
46. 周末許多人睡得很晚。
[誤] Many people sleep late at weekends.
[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
註: 第一句譯文錯在沒弄懂 sleep 的真正寄義。英語動詞有短暫動詞和連續動詞之分,它們分離表現短暫動作和連續的動作或狀況。sleep 是典範的連續動詞,表現“在睡覺”。而漢語的“睡”既可表現“上床睡覺”的短暫動作,如:我昨天11點才睡;也可以表現“在睡覺”的連續動作和狀況,如:他睡瞭整整10個小時。原文屬於前一種情形,即表現“上床睡覺”的短暫動作,故應當運用 go to bed。
47. 幹杯!要一飲而絕。
[誤] —Cheers! Bottom up.
[正] —Cheers! Bottoms up.
註: bottoms up 固然隻比 bottom up 多一個 s,可是兩個詞組的意思卻相差十萬八千裡。bott講座oms up 裡的 bottom 是指“(羽觴的)底部”,那麼杯朝天便是“一飲而絕”的意思,並且由於幹杯時肯定不止一人一飲而絕,以是要用復數;而 bottom up 表現“屁股朝天”。
48. 這個義務很傷害,但總得有人往冒險。
[誤] The task is really dangerous.But someone has to take the adventure.
[正] The task is really dangerous.But someone has to bell the cat.
註: adventure 指軍事歷險、探險旅行等驚險流動或投契流動。而 bell the cat 源自一個故事:一窩老鼠想在貓脖子上套一個鈴鐺,如許貓一來他們就會聽到,並實時逃命。但主張雖好,卻苦於沒人往套這個鈴鐺(bell the cat)。之後,bell the cat 被人們反復援用,表現“為年夜傢的事往負擔風險”,並成瞭表現原辭意思最貼切的英語習語。
49. 一輛紅色轎車前來接新郎新娘往教堂。
[誤] A white 汽車turned up to take the groom and the bride tothe church.
[正] A white 汽車turned up to take the bride and the groom tothe church.
註: 漢英兩種言語均有各自固定的詞序,是以,在翻譯時要依據各自的言語習性入行恰當的調劑,此處便是一個很好的例子。之以是將新娘放在後面,興許是東方文明中“女士優先”的又一體現吧!又如:“衣食住行”譯成英語是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同樣,“左顧右盼”翻譯成 look right and left。
50. 你往弄些水來。
[誤] Go and bring some water.
[正] Go and fetch some water.
註: bring 固然表現“帶來”,但它是讓或人在來的時辰將某物帶來(但措辭時人還沒來);而fetch 則是讓身邊的或人“往取某物”,它包含來回的兩段途程
51.那本書毫無價值可言。
[誤] That book is invaluable.
[正] That book is valueless.
註:invaluable 和 valueless 一個是在形容詞 valuable(有價值的)之前加上否認形容詞前綴 in-;另一個是在名詞 value(價值)的前面加上否認形容詞 -less,但它們的意思卻恰好相反。invaluable 是指“很是珍貴的,無價的”(highly valuable, precious),其同義詞是 priceless;valueless 的意思倒是“毫無價值的”,相稱於 worthless。現將這兩個詞用在統一個句子中,以便區別:The book that he considered valueless proved invaluable to us(他以為毫無價值的那本書對咱們來說倒是無價之寶)。
52. IBM公司始終處在電腦行業的前沿。
[誤] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.
[正] IBM is always at the cutttingedge of computer insustry.
註: front line 是“火線,第一線”的意思,常指最傷害或最艱辛的處所。例如:Many doctors are in the front line of the fighting against SARS(許多大夫戰鬥在抗擊“非典”的第一線)。at the cutting edge 最早泛起在20世紀50年月,它最後指“銳器的銳利部位”,此刻常隱喻“處在(高科技的)最前沿。
53. 一位有履歷的西席已經說,上課之前他感到如臨年夜敵,上課時他是如履薄冰,隻有上完課後他才會如釋重負。
[誤] An experienced teacher oncesaid that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy,in class he felt like walking on ice,and only after class would he feel relieved.
[正] An experienced teacher oncesaid that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy,in class he felt like walking on eggs, and only after class would he feel relieved.
註: 中文的“如履薄冰”是比方一小我私家“幹事十分當心謹嚴或戰戰兢兢”,而英語的相似說法倒是 walk on eggs 或 tread on eggs,要註意中英文喻體的不同。
54. 我有一個恬靜的傢。
[誤] I have a cozy family.
[正] I have a cozy home.
註: family 和 home 固然翻譯成漢語時都是“傢”,但它們在英語中卻不是同義詞。family 重要指傢庭成員;而 home 重要指棲身地,即“室第”。原文頂用“恬靜的”來潤飾“傢”,顯然是指“恬靜的屋子”。假如原文是“我有一個輯穆的傢”,就應當翻譯成 I have a harmonious family 瞭。
55. 每節課總是城市點名。
[誤] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.
[正] The teache小樹屋r will call the roll in every period of class.
註: 英語的“點名”時租空間是 call the roll,而 call one’’s name(s)的意思是“漫罵或人”。rool 有“名冊”的意思,又如:remove sb.’’s name from the rool(把或人除名)。
56. 我的進修很忙。
[誤] My study is very busy.
[正] I am very busy with my study.
註:第一句譯文完整套用漢語的構造和語序,卻犯瞭英文的句法過錯。由於在英語中,study(進修)是一個行為,並不理解忙不忙,覺得忙的應是入行這一行為的人。以是,be busy with sth. 或 be busy (in) doing交流 sth. 才是隧道的英語表達。
57. 給他當二把手我望也值得。他太無能瞭。
[誤] I feel it worth being a second hand to him. He is so capable.
[正] I feel it worth playing secondfiddle to him. He is so capable.
註:英語的 second hand 作名詞指“中間人”、“舊貨”或“助手工人”,而漢語的“二把手”是“正手”,即“第二賣力人”的意思,以是二者不是一歸事。play second fiddle 則源於管弦樂隊中第一提琴手(first violin)不在的時辰由第二提琴手賣力,並被人們引申為“當重要引導人的正手”,也便是咱們所說的“當第二把手”。由此,容易猜出“當一把手”譯成英語應當是 paly first fiddle瞭。
58. 電車上十分擁堵,險些沒有安身之地。
[誤] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you.
[正] The舞蹈教室 tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you.
註:副詞 hardly 和 scarcely 固然都含有“險些不”等否認寄義,有些時辰也可以互換,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我險些認不出她來瞭),但仍有纖細的差別。如在誇大多少數字“有餘”時隻能用 scarcely,這時它常與 enough、sufficient等詞連用。
59. 他被戴上瞭綠帽子。
[誤] He is made to wear a green hat.
[正] He is a cuckold.
註:中文的“戴綠帽子”是指或人之妻與別人私通,但直譯成英文東方人隻會按字面意思懂得為“或人頭上被戴瞭頂綠色的帽子”,無論怎樣也不會懂得漢語的喻義。而英語的 cuckold 是指“奸婦的丈夫”(a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man),以是用 be a cuckold 能力對的表達原文的意思。
。60. 我在新聞片裡望到你站在總裁的身旁。
[誤] I saw you stand by the president in the newsreel.
[正] I 家教場地saw you stand beside the president in the newsreel.
註:stand by someone 的意思是“支撐或人”(to support someone訪談);to stand beside someone 才是“立於或人閣下”(to stand by the side of someone)。可是,假如 stand by 前面的賓語不是人,那卻是可以與 stand beside 互換,表現“在…之旁”,例如:Their house stands by a forest(他們的屋子在叢林閣下)。除此之外,stand by 另有“作壁上觀”之意,例如:How can you standby and watch while your allies are attacked?(當你們的盟友遭到進犯時,你們怎能作壁上觀呢?)
61. 車來瞭。您先請。
[誤] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
註:第一句譯文固然把“請”翻譯進去瞭,但仍是帶有下令的口氣。隧道的說法應當是 After you。別的,不少人認為漢語的“請”等同於英語的 please,實在並非這般。例如,在餐桌上請人吃菜或飲酒就不消 please,隧道的說法是 Help yourself。
62. 房間裡有一張床、兩張桌子和五把椅子。
[誤] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
[正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
註:there be 句型中,be 動詞的單復數取決於離它比來的阿誰詞。原文固然一共枚舉瞭八件傢具,可是依據英語的謂語就近準則,one bed 決議瞭應當運用 is。
63. 我不想聽他那些廢話。
[誤] I don’’t want to hear his empty words.
[正] I don’’t want to hear his hollow words.
註:固然 empty 和 hollow 都有“浮泛的”之意,但表達“廢話”時,英語習性用 hollow words 或 empty talk。
64. 他是咱們的死敵。
[誤] He is our dead enemy.
[正] He is our deadly enemy.
註:dead 作形容詞時表現“死的,無感覺的”,而 deadly 才表現“致命的,你死我活的”。
65. 奧斯本名義上是個大夫,但他成天都呆在股票生意業務所裡。
[誤] Osborne is a doctor by nameonly, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
註:by name 和 in name 固然形似,但涵義卻有區別。by name 相稱於 by the name of,常放在專有名詞後來,表現所說的人或事物簡直實名稱。例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中國有個偉年夜的詩人,名鳴屈原)。而 in name 是褒義詞,表現“名義上的”或“徒有虛名”。
66. 咱們是不信天主的。
[誤] We do not believ見證e God.
[正] We do not believe in God.
註:believe 和 believe in 固然都有“置信”的意思,但表現“信奉”的時辰隻能用後者
67. 你做如許的事豈非不覺得羞恥嗎?
[誤] Aren’’t you ashamed for doing such a thing?
[正] Aren’’t you ashamed of doingsuch a thing?
註:be ashamed for 一般是指“對別人的行為或外在事物覺得羞恥”,而 be ashamed of 則是“因為本身的所作所為而覺得羞恥”。
68. 車禍產生在十字路口。
[誤] The accident took place at acrossroad.
[正] The accident took place at acrossroads.
註:crossroad 是“穿插路,橫馬路”的意思,而 crossroads 才講座是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它後面也可以用 a,但 -s 毫不能丟失。
69. 要學好英語,大批的訓練是須要的。
[誤] To learn English well, a greatdeal of practice is necessary.
[正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.
註:英語中非謂語動詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的邏輯主語應當是“人”,而句子的主語倒是 practice,兩者不相一致,違反瞭英語習性,以是必需將句子的主語改為 one,並做其它響應的調劑。
70. —感謝你帶咱們到辦公室來。
—不消謝,這是咱們應當做的。
[誤] —Thank you for guiding us to the office.
—Not at all, it’’s my duty.
[正] —Thank you for guiding us to the office.
—Not at all, it’’s a pleasure. /I’’m glad to be 舞蹈教室of help.
註:漢語的歸答現實上是句客氣話,假如把它直譯為 It’’s my duty,就會讓東方人誤認為你並不想幫他,隻是由於職責才不得已而為之,這與漢語的違心有很年夜收支。以是,適當的歸允許該是 I’’m glad to be of help 或 It’’s apleasure,其意思是“我很高興願意為您效勞
71. 未經答應,任何人不得進內。
[誤] Anybody can not come in without permission.
[正] Nobody can come in without permission.
註:“任何……都不”是漢語中常用字的否認句式,而在英語中,any 組成的合成詞及其所潤飾的詞語作主語時,謂語動詞是不克不及用否認情勢的。是以,any… not 的用法不切合英語的表達習性,須用“否認情勢的主語+肯定情勢的謂語”替代。可是,any 組成的合成詞及其所潤飾的詞語作主語時,假如帶有後置定語,那麼其謂語也可以用否認情勢。如:Anyone who does that isn’’t honest(幹那種事的人都是不老實的)。
72. 佈衣蔬食。
[誤] cotton clothes and vegetables
[正] coarse clothes and simple fare
註:“佈衣蔬食”是形容一小我私家餬口儉樸,但直譯成英文卻會令人難以懂得。由於此刻的英、美等國,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉佈衣服和青菜)已沒有“餬口儉樸”的任何遐想瞭,它們早已成瞭財主們的最愛,並且费用也比其餘產物貴,沒錢人還享受不起呢!而第二句譯文不只忠厚於原文,並且 fare 一詞時租空間作“食品”講還略帶古色,剛好反應出瞭原文的作風。
73. 你真是紅光滿面。
[誤] Your face is all red.
[正] You are in ruddy health.
註:“紅光滿面”是說一小我私家身材很好,而 You face is all red 則指對方滿臉通紅,好像“欠好意思”或“牌逆境”,皮膚過敏也未可知,總之與原句不符。a ruddy complexion 固然有“面色紅潤”的意思,但沒能充足表達出漢語“身材康健,精神抖擻”的意思。當然,除瞭第二句譯文,還可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 來表達。
74. 你該吃晚飯瞭。
[誤] It’’s time to eat your dinner.
[正] It’’s time to have your dinner.
註:不是全部“吃”字都能翻譯為英語 eat 的,英語中有許多固定搭配,如:take one’’s medicines(吃藥);lead an idle life(吃閑飯);be very popular(吃噴鼻);I hd some meat for lunch(午餐我吃瞭些肉)等。
75. 咱們一路隨著音樂舞蹈吧!
[誤] Let’’s dance with the music.
[正] Let’’s dance to the music.
註:英語一般說 dance with sb.,即“跟或人一路舞蹈”,“音樂”是無性命的工具,怎麼能跟它 dance 呢?這裡對的的說法是用介詞 to。又如:sing to the piano 等。
76. 他的病情很多多少瞭。
[誤] His sick condition is much better.
[正] His condition is much better.
註:在英麗人望來,sick 隻是一種無心義的重復,由於往失它當前意思一親清晰,並且還更隧道。咱們甚至可以更簡樸地翻譯為 He is much better。
77. 常常給我寫信。
[誤] Write letters to me often.
[正] Write to me often.
註:中文動賓構造的賓語在翻譯成英文時經常省略,由於這些英語動詞自己曾經包括瞭中文賓語的意思,不言自明,除非需求誇大,不然可以省略,不省略反而與英語習性不符。下面的例句便是個很好的例子。又如:“你會唱歌嗎”(Can you sing);“我會付錢給你”(I’’ll pay you);“他花良多時光唸書”(He spends a lot of time reading)等。
78. 挑釁者以0比4的比分輸瞭與冠戎行的那場競賽。
[誤] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.
[正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to the champion.
註:zero 和 nil 固然都可以表現“零”,但 zero 多用於德律風號碼或郵政編碼,而 nil 則特指競賽的比分。同樣,0比0就應當翻譯成 nil to nil。
79. 在一次具備汗青意義的表決中,北京羸得瞭申辦奧運會的機遇。
[誤] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
[正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
註:historic 表現“汗青上聞名的,有汗青意義的”,而 historical 則表現“無關汗青的,汗青學的”。
80. 你讀沒讀過菲爾丁的經典長篇小說《湯姆.瓊斯》?
[誤] Have you ever read Fielding’’sclassical novel Tom Jones?
[正] Have you ever read Fielding’’sc私密空間lassic novel Tom Jones?
註:classic 即可作形容詞,表現“經典的,最高級的”,又可作可數名詞,表現“經典作品”;而 classical 倒是一個沒有比力級和第一流的形容詞,常指“(修建,文學,音樂等方面)古典的,傳統的”。
81. 因為街道的擴建,途徑兩旁矮小的衡宇所有的被拆除瞭。
[誤] The short and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
[正] The low and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
註:英語中,形容人或樹等的高矮要用形容詞 tall 和 short;可是指山巒、衡宇或其它修建物的高矮,咱們凡是用 high 和 low。
82. 聽到這個動靜,沒有一小我私家不覺得高興。
[誤] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
[正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
註:漢語中把主、謂語同時否認以表現肯定,但這不切合英語習性,以是 nobody…not 的構造在英語中是不對的的。翻譯這類句子時,可像下面對的的譯文那樣,把主語和謂語都改成肯定情勢;也可用“there be + 否認的主語 + 否認情勢的定語從句”來表達,即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或許 There was nobody but felt excited.
83. 我是一個中國人。
[誤] I am a Chinese.
[正] I am Chinese.
註:第一句譯文是不隧道的,對的的說法應當往失不定冠詞,或許說 I am a Chinese man。同樣,He is an English 也沒有 He isE九宮格nglish 或 He is an Englishman 好。
84. 母狼為瞭維護幼崽同獵豹鋪開瞭決死的格鬥。
[誤] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
[正] The she wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect herwhelps.
註:漢語一般用“公”、“母”或“雌”、“雄”來區分植物的性別,而英語中,有一部門植物是牝牡各有其名,例如:cock(公雞)和 hen(母雞),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部門則是用 male 和 female 加以區分,如:male leopard(公豹),female panda(母熊貓)等;當然,也有破例的情形,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等。
85. 使我興奮的是,我兒子對意年夜利語也略知一二。
[誤] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.
[正] To my joy, my son knows something about Italian.
註:有些英語詞語在字面上同漢語十分類似,但實則同床異夢,假如生吞活剝很不難犯錯。例如,know a thing or two 就不表現“略知一二”,而是“很有履歷,精明強幹”的意思。
86. 你但願什麼時辰成傢呢?
[誤] When do you want to start a family?
[正] When do you want to get married?
註:中文的“成傢”是“成婚”的意思,而英文 start a family 的寄義倒是“生第一個孩子”,二者完整不是一歸事。
87. 寧做雞頭,不做鳳尾。
[誤] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.
[正] Better be the head of a dogthan the tail of a lion.
註:每種言語中都有許多商定俗成的表達,沒有什麼原理好講,但運用時則需遵守各自的言語習性。中文是“雞頭”和“鳳尾”比,而英語中卻要用“狗頭”和“獅尾”。
88. 海倫就像一隻自豪的公雞,素來不愛搭理他人。
[誤] Helen is proud as a cock, andshe never talks to others.
[正] Helen is proud as a peacock, and she never talks to others.
註:“孔雀”在中國人眼裡是錦繡和吉利的象征,而公雞由於常把頭昂得高高地,尾巴翹到瞭天上,擺出一副氣焰萬丈的架子,是以成瞭“自豪”的化身。但東方文明不註重孔雀錦繡的一壁,以為它們很自豪,以是英麗人在形容一小我私家自豪、傲慢和傾慕虛榮時,就把他(她)比作 peacock。
89. 由於沒有吃的,阿誰索馬裡的小男孩瘦得像山公。
[誤] That Somali boy is as thin asa monkey because of the lack of food.
[正] That Somali boy is as thin asa shadow because of the lack of food.
註:統一事物,在不同的文明裡可能惹起不同的遐想,具備不同的內在。以是,在一種言語頂用這種事物作比方,而在另一種言語中很可能會有不同的表達。如許的例子中英文另有良多,例如:as timid as a hare(怯懦如鼠),as strong as a horse(力年夜如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一貧如洗)等。
90. 索菲婭看子成龍心切,給兒子報名餐與加入瞭許多補習班。
[誤] Sophia hopes to see her sonbecome a dragon, therefore she enters his name for man分享y classesof supplementary schooling.
[正] Sophia hopes that her son will have a bright future, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
註:“龍”在中國人心目中象征著神聖和全能,但在東方人的印象中倒是恐怖的,《聖經》裡就把“龍”描寫成瞭罪行的象征。以是在翻譯“看子成龍”時需求意譯。
91. 正如中國的一玲妃準備回家的路上,在一個男人面前突然站,靈飛心事重重,並沒有發現,因為她句俗話:“笨鳥先飛”。
[誤] As an old Chinese saying goes, "Stupid birds have to startflying early."
[正] As an old Chinese sayi時租會議ng goes,"Clumsy birds have to start flying early."
註:“笨鳥先飛”常用來比方那些才能差的人,由於幹事怕後進,以是就提前步履。這裡的“笨”並非 stupid(智力低下的,愚昧的)的意思,而用 clumsy(愚笨的,不乖巧的)更適當。
92. 爸爸總愛發脾性。
[誤] Dad always likes losing his temper.
[正] Dad is apt to lose his temper.
註:like doing something 表現“喜歡幹某事”,一般用來闡明或人的愛好興趣;而 be apt to do sth.則表現“經常產生某種行為”或“不難產生某種變化”。依據原文的意思顯然應當用後者。
93. 歐文抑制不住衝動的心境,高聲喊道:“我中獎瞭!”
[誤] Owen couldn’’t hold back his exciting feeling, and he shouted,"I’’ve got the winning number in the bond!"
[正] Owen couldn’’t hold back his excitement, and he shouted, "I’’vegot the winning number in the bond!"
註:exciting feeling 這種搭配很不隧道,固然“振奮人心的動靜”是 exciting news,“乏味的故事”是 interesting story,但“衝動的心境”卻要用名詞情勢 excitement 來表達。
94. 丹尼斯本身不盡力,還總是眼紅他人的成績。
[誤] Denis himself doesn’’t work hard, however, he is always red-eyed of other people’’s achievements.
[正] Denis himself doesn’’t work hard, however, he is always green-eyed教學場地 of other people’’s achievements.
註:中國人說一小我私家嫉妒用“眼紅”,但英麗人則用“眼綠”來形容。英語的 green 除瞭表現色彩之外另有“嫉妒”的意思,又如:I was absolutely green (with envy) when I saw his splendid new car(我望到他那輛美丽的新車很是眼紅)。實在,英語中許多表現顏色的詞匯都有特殊的寄義,不克不及照字面往懂得。再好比:He gave me a black look(他惡狠狠地蹬瞭我一眼);She visits us once in a blue moon(她難得來望咱們一次)等。
95. 炎天要多喝白開水。
[誤] You should drink more white boiled water in summer.
[正] You should drink m共享會議室ore plain boiled water in summer.
註:“白開水”不是指“水的色彩是紅色”,而是指“水中沒有添加其餘的工具”。而 plain 恰是指“沒摻雜其餘工具的,單純的”,以是能切當表達原文的寄義。
96. 對不起,我把講義忘在傢裡瞭。
[誤] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home.
[正] Sorry, I left my textbook at home.
註:原文中的“忘”是指“落在傢裡”的意思,不克不及翻譯成英文的 forget,而利用表現“把…留在某地,丟下,落下”等的意思的 leave。
97. 中國足球隊擊敗瞭japan(日本)隊,從而取得瞭餐與加入半決賽的標準。
[誤] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the half-finals.
[正] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the semifinals.
註:semi- 是英語裡的一個前綴,表現“半”,例如:automatic 是“主動的”,那麼 semiautomatic 就表現“半主動的”;diameter 指“直徑”,那麼 semi-diameter 就指“半徑”;monthly 指“月刊”,那麼 semi-monthly 就表現“半月刊”。以上這些都跟 semifinal(半決賽)一樣,是商定俗成的。
98. 在天然災難期間,盡年夜大都人都過著半饑半飽的餬口。
[誤] During the natural calamity, most people wer**空氣中瀰漫著臭味,味道充滿歡愛,休閒服在地上,一片狼藉。e half hungry, half full.
[正] During the natural calamity, most people were underfed.
註:under- 是一個英語前綴,表現“……有餘的”,如:underdeveloped(經濟成長不充足的),underage(未到法定春秋的)等。以是,underfeed 表現“未喂飽的,食品有餘的”。漢語中“半……半……”的構造可以翻譯成 half…half…,例如:As for this matter, I am half-believing, half-doubting(對付這件事我是將信將疑的);This composition is half literary, half vernacular(這篇文章寫得半文不白的)。
99. 漢語是咱們的母語。
[誤] Chinese is our mother language.
[正] Chinese is our mother tongue.
註:tongue 除瞭指“舌頭”,還可以用來指“言語,方言”,如 the Spanish tongue 並非指“西班牙舌頭”,而是指“西班牙語”。咱們常說的有“言語稟賦”,英語裡響應的表達是 the gift of tongues。“母語”在英語頂用 mother tongue 表達,還可以說 parent language 或 linguistic parent,但 mother language 的說法倒是不隧道的。
100. 我爺爺是奔75的人瞭。
[誤] My grandpa is running for seventy-five.
[正] My grandpa is getting on forseventy-five.註:run for 有“比賽,競選”之意,如:run for Congress(競選國會議員),run for the presidency(競選總統)等。而 get on for 才表現“靠近”,它凡是用入行時態,前面一般跟春秋或許時光,如:It’’s getting onfor midnight(快到子夜瞭)等。
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